Erosión por cárcavas efímeras en el sur de Navarra (España): descripción y cuantificación

[ES] La erosión por cárcavas efímeras es un fenómeno muy frecuente en los suelos francos o franco-limosos formados sobre las Margas Miocenas del sur de Navarra. Se han identificado tres tipos de acuerdo con sus orígenes: las formadas dentro de la misma parcela en la que se origina la escorrentía; formadas por flujos provenientes de aguas arriba de la parcela; cárcavas efímeras asociadas a discontinuidades, relacionadas con cambios abruptos de pendiente. Al cabo de una campaña agrícola poco lluviosa, la erosión por cárcavas efímeras ha sido responsable de grandes pérdidas de suelo, superándose localmente los 2.66 kg m-2 año-1, lo que contribuye a unas pérdidas totales por encima de niveles tolerables. La práctica totalidad de la erosión se ha producido por una única lluvia de invierno intensa y breve, sobre un suelo muy húmedo y sin apenas protección vegetal. La mayor parte de las pérdidas por cárcavas efímeras se han debido a la ausencia de redes de desagüe capaces de evacuar el exceso de agua.Los autores desean agradecer al Dr. Miguel Donézar y a D. Joaquín del Valle de Lersundi su colaboración en la toma de datos en campo. La beca predoctoral concedida al primer autor por el Departamento de Educación y Cultura del Gobierno de Navarra permitió en parte la financiación de este trabajo.Casali Sarasibar, J.; López Rodríguez, JJ.; Giráldez Cervera, JV. (1999). Erosión por cárcavas efímeras en el sur de Navarra (España): descripción y cuantificación. Ingeniería del Agua. 6(3):251-258. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1999.2789SWORD25125863Bennett, S., C. V. Alonso, S. N. Prasad y M. J. M. Rómkens (1997) Dynamics of head-cuts in upland concentrated flows. En Management of Landscapes Disturbed by Channel Incisión: Stabilization. Rehabilitation. Restoration. S. S. Y. Wang, E. J. Langendoen y F. D. Shields (eds.). The University of Mississippi, Oxford, pp. 510-515.Dabney, S. M., C. E. Murphree, L. D. Meyer, E. H. Grissinger, W. C. Harmon y G. B. Triplett (1997) Runoff and sediment yield from conventional and conservation cropping systems. En Management of Landscapes Disturbed by Channel Incisión: Stabilization. Rehabilitation. Restoration. S. S. Y. Wang, E. J. Langendoen y F. D. Shields (eds.). The University of Mississippi, Oxford, pp. 983-989.Del Valle de Lersundi, J. M. and Del Val, J. (1990) Procesos de erosión y análisis de sus condicionantes en una región semi-árida: la Cuenca de Cornialto (Bardenas, Navarra). Cuaternario y Geomorfologia. 4: 55-67.De Ploey, J. (1988) No-tillage experiments in the Central Belgian Loess Belt. Soil Techn Ser., 1: 181- 184.Donézar, M., M. Illarregui, J. Del Val y J. Del Valle de Lersundi, (1990a) Erosión actual en Navarra. Gobierno de Navarra. Ministerio de Comercio y Turismo.Donézar, M., M. Illarregui, J. Del Val, y J. Del Valle de Lersundi, (1990b) Erosión potencial en Navarra. Gobierno de Navarra. Ministerio de Comercio y Turismo.Elias, F., y L. Ruíz (1986) Caracterización agroclimática de Navarra. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Dpto. Agricultura, Ganadería y Montes del Gobierno de Navarra. Madrid.Foster, G. R. (1986) Understanding ephemeral gully erosión. en Soil Conservation. Assesing the National Resources Inventory. Vol 2. Committee on Conservation Needs and Opportunities. Board on Agriculture. National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington D. C., pp 90-125.Gobierno de Navarra, Departamento de Obras Públicas, Transporte y Comunicaciones (1997) Mapa Geológico de Navarra. Fondo de Publicaciones del Gobierno de Navarra. Pamplona.Grissinger, E. H. y J. B. Murphey (1989) Ephemeral gully erosión in the loess uplands, Goodwin Creek Watershed. Northern Mississippi, USA. en International Training Center on Erosión and Sedimentation (ed.). Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on River Sedimentation. Beijing. China. June 5-9. China Ocean Press, BeijingGutiérrez, M., Benito, G. and Rodríguez, J. (1988) Piping in badianas áreas of the Middle Ebro Basin, Spain. en Harvey & Sala (Editors), Geomorphic Processes. Environments with strong seasonal contrasts. Vol. II Geomorphic Systems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 49-60.Laflen, J.M. (1985) Effect of tillage systems on concentrated flow erosión. Proc. Fourth Int.Conf. on Soil Conservation. Maracay, Venezuela.Lentz, R. D., R. H. Dowdy y R. H. Rust (1993) Soil property patterns and topographic parameters associated with ephemeral gully erosión. J. Soil Water Conserv., 48: 355-361.Moore, I. D., G. J. Burch y D. H. Mackenzie (1988) Topographic Effects on the Distribution of Surface Soil Water and the location of Ephemeral Gullies. Trans. ASAE. 31:1098-1107.Poesen, J. (1993) Gully typology and gully control measures in the European loess belt. En Farm Land Erosión in Températe Plains Environment and Hills. S. Wicherek (ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp 221-239.Poesen, J. y G. Govers (1990) Gully Erosión in the Loam Belt of Belgium: Typology and Control Measures. En Soil Erosión on Agricultural Land. J. oardman, I. D. L. Fostery J. A. Dearing (eds.). John Wiley & Sons, Londres, pp 513-530.Poesen, J., K. Vandaele y B. Van Wesemael (1996) Contribution of gully erosión to sediment production on cultivated lands and rangelands. En Erosión and Sediment Yield: Global and Regional Perspectives. D. E. Walling y B. W. Webb (eds.). IAHS Publ. n° 236. pp 251 -266.Sancho, C., G. Benito y M. Gutiérrez (1991) Agujas de erosión y perfiladores microtopográficos. Cuadernos Técnicos de la Sociedad Española de Geomorfologia. n° 2. Geoforma Ediciones. Logroño.Smith, L. M. (1993) Investigation of ephemeral gullies in loessial soils in Mississippi. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Technical Report GL-93-11, Wicksburg.Spomer, R. G. y A. T. Hjelmfelt (1986) Concentrated flow erosión on conventional and conservation tilled watersheds. Trans ASAE. 29:124-127.Thomas, A. W., R. Welch y T. R. Jordán (1986) Quantifying concentrated-flow erosión on cropland with aerial photogrammetry. J. Soil and Water Conserv. 41 (4):249-252USDA-NRCS (1997) America's prívate land. a geography of hope. USDA-NRCS. Washington, D.C.USDA-SCS (1973) Advisory notice. Soils-6. Washintong, DC.Vandaele, K. (1993) Assesment offactors affecting ephemeral gully erosión in cultivated catchments of the Belgian Loam Belt. en Farm Land Erosión in Températe Plains Environment and Hills. S. Wi- cherek (ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 125-136.Vandaele, K., J. Poesen, J. R. Marques da Silva y P. Desmet (1996) Rates and predictability of ephemeral gully erosión in two contrasting environments. Geomorphologie: Relief. processus. environment. 2:83-96.Whischmeier, W. H. y D. D. Smith (1978) Predicting rainfall erosión losses, a guide to conservation planning. Agr. Handbk. 537. U. S. Dept. Agr., Washington D. C

Aplicabilidad del riego a pulsos en tablares

[ES] Se presentan ocho ensayos comparativos entre riego a pulsos y riego continuo en tablares, para variadas condiciones de parcelas y variables de riego. Se ha analizado el tiempo de aplicación para llegar al final de la parcela, la lámina infiltrada media, el coeficiente de uniformidad, y el perfil de agua infiltrada. Los resultados muestran que en la mayoría de los ensayos el riego continuo ha mejorado el riego a pulsos. Las condiciones en que el riego a pulsos ha resultado mejor son : Caudales unitarios bajos (1.5 l/s/m), aspereza o rugosidad hidráulica baja (n = 0.02) y suelo recién labrado. El factor controlador de la efectividad de los pulsos en riego por tablares parece ser el volumen superficial durante el avance; cuando este es grande, la efectividad disminuye.Monserrat, J.; Casali Sarasibar, J.; Tilló, J.; Cots I Rubió, L.; Barragán, J. (1997). Aplicabilidad del riego a pulsos en tablares. Ingeniería del Agua. 4(2):29-36. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1997.2720SWORD293642Allen, N. L. (1980). Advance Rates in Forrow Irrigation for Cycled Flow. Ph.D. diss. Utah State University, Logan.Blair, A.W. (1986) Surge flow irrigation infiltration. In Surge Flow Irrigation Field Guide. U.S.D.A.- S.C.S.Coolidge, P. S. (1981) Advance Rates Under Automated Pulsed Flow Irrigation System. Ph.D. diss. Utah State University, Logan.Camacho, E. (1993) Caracterización, optimización y manejo del riego por surcos mediante pulsaciones intermitentes. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Córdoba.Goldhamer, D.A., H.A. Mohammad and R.C. Phene (1987) Surge vs. continous-flow irrigation. California Agriculture, Sep-Oct: 29-32.Izuno, F.T., T.H. Podmore and H.R. Duke, (1985) Infiltration under surge irrigation. Transactions of ASAE 28 (2): 517-521.Monserrat, J., (1994). Solución al problema inverso del riego por tablares mediante un modelo hidrológico mixto. Tesis Doctoral. E.T.S.I.A., Universidad de Lleida.Podmore, T. H. and H. R. Duke, (1982). Field evaluation of Surge Flow Irrigation. Paper 82-2012. A.S.A.E, Madison, Wisconsin.Poole, G. J. (1981). Infiltration and Advance Under Surge Flow Irrigation. Ph.D. diss. Utah State University, Logan.Stringham, G. E.and J. Keller, (1979). Surge Flow Automatic Irrigation. Irrigation and Drainage Divi-sion Speciality Conference, A. S. C. E., Albuquerque, New Mexico.U.S.D.A - S.C.S. (1986). Surge Flow Irrigation Field Guide. 32 pp.Walker, W.R and G. V. Skogerboe, (1987). Surface irrigation: Theory and Practice. Prentice-Hall, INC, Englewood Clifs, New Yersey. 386 ppWestesen, G. L and D. K. Biglen, (1986). Surge flow border irrigation trials. A.S.A.E. paper n°: 86-2082

Peripheral Inflammatory Indexes Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) as Prognostic Biomarkers in Advanced Solitary Fibrous Tumour (SFT) Treated with Pazopanib

Simple Summary Pazopanib treatment in advanced solitary fibrous tumour patients, assessed in the prospective GEIS-32 phase II clinical trial, has shown longer progression-free survival and overall survival versus chemotherapy treatment in control patients. In recent years, the interest in the prognostic and predictive value of different peripheral inflammatory indexes, such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and red cell distribution width, has been increased in sarcomas, showing significant results in different soft tissue sarcomas. However, they have not been previously analysed in solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) patients. These indexes were retrospectively analysed in the typical- and malignant-SFT cohorts treated with pazopanib of the GEIS-32 trial to evaluate their predictive or prognostic value. Pazopanib was assessed prospectively in the GEIS-32 phase II study (NCT02066285) on advanced solitary fibrous tumour (SFT), resulting in a longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with historical controls treated with chemotherapy. A retrospective analysis of peripheral inflammatory indexes in patients enrolled into GEIS-32 was performed to evaluate their prognostic and predictive value. Patients received pazopanib 800 mg/day as the first antiangiogenic line. The impacts of baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) on PFS, OS, and Choi response were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Metastasis-free interval (MFI), mitotic count, and ECOG were also included as potential prognostic factors. Sixty-seven SFT patients, enrolled in this study, showed a median age of 63 years and a female/male distribution of 57/43. The median follow-up from treatment initiation was 16.8 months. High baseline NLR, PLR, and standardised RDW were significantly associated with worse PFS and OS. NLR, RDW, MFI, and mitotic count were independent variables for PFS, while RDW and ECOG were independent for OS. Further, NLR and mitotic count were independent factors for Choi response. High baseline NLR and RDW values were independent prognostic biomarkers for worse outcome in advanced SFT patients treated with pazopanib

Systemic therapies in advanced epithelioid haemangioendothelioma: A retrospective international case series from the World Sarcoma Network and a review of literature

[Background] This observational, retrospective effort across Europe, US, Australia, and Asia aimed to assess the activity of systemic therapies in EHE, an ultra-rare sarcoma, marked by WWTR1-CAMTA1 or YAP1-TFE3 fusions.[Methods] Twenty sarcoma reference centres contributed data. Patients with advanced EHE diagnosed from 2000 onwards and treated with systemic therapies, were selected. Local pathologic review and molecular confirmation were required. Radiological response was retrospectively assessed by local investigators according to RECIST. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method.[Results] Overall, 73 patients were included; 21 had more than one treatment. Thirty-three patients received anthracyclines regimens, achieving 1 (3%) partial response (PR), 25 (76%) stable disease (SD), 7 (21%) progressive disease (PD). The median (m-) PFS and m-OS were 5.5 and 14.3 months respectively. Eleven patients received paclitaxel, achieving 1 (9%) PR, 6 (55%) SD, 4 (36%) PD. The m-PFS and m-OS were 2.9 and 18.6 months, respectively. Twelve patients received pazopanib, achieving 3 (25%) SD, 9 (75%) PD. The m-PFS and m-OS were.2.9 and 8.5 months, respectively. Fifteen patients received INF-α 2b, achieving 1 (7%) PR, 11 (73%) SD, 3 (20%) PD. The m-PFS and m-OS were 8.9 months and 64.3, respectively. Among 27 patients treated with other regimens, 1 PR (ifosfamide) and 9 SD (5 gemcitabine +docetaxel, 2 oral cyclophosphamide, 2 others) were reported.[Conclusion] Systemic therapies available for advanced sarcomas have limited activity in EHE. The identification of new active compounds, especially for rapidly progressive cases, is acutely needed.Peer reviewe

Measuring, modelling and managing gully erosion at large scales: A state of the art

Soil erosion is generally recognized as the dominant process of land degradation. The formation and expansion of gullies is often a highly significant process of soil erosion. However, our ability to assess and simulate gully erosion and its impacts remains very limited. This is especially so at regional to continental scales. As a result, gullying is often overlooked in policies and land and catchment management strategies. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made over the past decades. Based on a review of >590 scientific articles and policy documents, we provide a state-of-the-art on our ability to monitor, model and manage gully erosion at regional to continental scales. In this review we discuss the relevance and need of assessing gully erosion at regional to continental scales (Section 1); current methods to monitor gully erosion as well as pitfalls and opportunities to apply them at larger scales (section 2); field-based gully erosion research conducted in Europe and European Russia (section 3); model approaches to simulate gully erosion and its contribution to catchment sediment yields at large scales (section 4); data products that can be used for such simulations (section 5); and currently existing policy tools and needs to address the problem of gully erosion (section 6). Section 7 formulates a series of recommendations for further research and policy development, based on this review. While several of these sections have a strong focus on Europe, most of our findings and recommendations are of global significance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG. Stock 2, a little-studied open cluster with an eMSTO

Stock 2 is a little-studied open cluster that shows an extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO). In order to investigate this phenomenon and characterise the cluster itself, we performed high-resolution spectroscopy in the framework of the Stellar Population Astrophysics project. We employed the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher in the Northern hemisphere spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG). We completed our observations with additional spectra taken with the Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter. We observed 46 stars (dwarfs and giants). They represent by far the largest sample collected for this cluster to date. We provide the stellar parameters, the extinction, and the radial and projected rotational velocities for most of the stars. Chemical abundances for 21 species with atomic numbers up to 56 have also been derived. We note a differential reddening in the cluster field with an average value of 0.27 mag. This appears the main cause for the observed eMSTO because it cannot be explained as the result of different rotational velocities, as found in other clusters. We estimate an age for Stock 2 of 450 ± 150 Ma, which corresponds to a MSTO stellar mass of ≈2.8 M⊙. The cluster mean radial velocity is about 8.0 km s−1. We find a solar-like metallicity for the cluster, [Fe/H] = −0.07 ± 0.06, compatible with its galactocentric distance. The chemical abundances of main-sequence stars and giants are compatible within the errors. The exceptions are barium and strontium, which are clearly overabundant in giants, and cobalt, which is only marginally overabundant. Finally, the chemical composition of Stock 2 is fully compatible with the composition observed in other open clusters of the Galactic thin-disc population. Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundación Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos. This study is part of the Large Program titled SPA - Stellar Population Astrophysics: the detailed, age-resolved chemistry of the Milky Way disk (PI: L. Origlia), granted observing time with HARPS-N and GIANO-B echelle spectrographs at the TNG

Genetic Association of a Gain-of-Function IFNGR1 Polymorphism and the Intergenic Region LNCAROD/DKK1 With Behcet's Disease

Objective. Behçet’s disease is a complex systemic inflammatory vasculitis of incompletely understood etiology. This study was undertaken to investigate genetic associations with Behçet’s disease in a diverse multiethnic population.Methods. A total of 9,444 patients and controls from 7 different populations were included in this study. Genotyping was performed using an Infinium ImmunoArray- 24 v.1.0 or v.2.0 BeadChip. Analysis of expression data from stimulated monocytes, and epigenetic and chromatin interaction analyses were performed.Results. We identified 2 novel genetic susceptibility loci for Behçet’s disease, including a risk locus in IFNGR1(rs4896243) (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; P = 2.42 × 10−9) and within the intergenic region LNCAROD/DKK1 (rs1660760) (OR 0.78; P = 2.75 × 10−8). The risk variants in IFNGR1 significantly increased IFNGR1 messenger RNA expression in lipopolysaccharide- stimulated monocytes. In addition, our results replicated the association (P 30 genetic susceptibility loci with a suggestive level of association (P < 5 × 10−5), which will require replication. Finally, functional annotation of genetic susceptibility loci in Behçet’s disease revealed their possible regulatory roles and suggested potential causal genes and molecular mechanisms that could be further investigated.Conclusion. We performed the largest genetic association study in Behçet’s disease to date. Our findings reveal novel putative functional variants associated with the disease and replicate and extend the genetic associations in other loci across multiple ancestries

Adjuvant Imatinib in Patients with GIST Harboring Exon 9 KIT Mutations : Results from a Multi-institutional European Retrospective Study

Purpose: The effect of high-dose imatinib (800 mg/day) on survival in the adjuvant treatment of patients with resected KIT exon 9-mutated gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is not established. Here, the association of dose and other clinicopatho-logic variables with survival was evaluated in a large multi-institutional European cohort. Experimental Design: Data from 185 patients were retrospec-tively collected in 23 European GIST reference centers. Propen-sity score matching (PSM) and inverse-probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to account for confounders. Uni-variate and multivariate unweighted and weighted Cox propor-tional hazard regression models were estimated for relapse-free survival (RFS), modified-RFS (mRFS) and imatinib failure-free survival (IFFS). Univariate Cox models were estimated for overall survival. Results: Of the 185 patients, 131 (70.8%) received a starting dose of 400 mg/d and the remaining 54 (29.2%) a dose of 800 mg/d. Baseline characteristics were partially unbalanced, suggesting a potential selection bias. PSM and IPTW analyses showed no advantage of imatinib 800 mg/d. In the weighted multivariate Cox models, high-dose imatinib was not associated with the survival outcomes [RFS: hazard ratio (HR), 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-1.94; mRFS: HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 0.92-3.10; IFFS: HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.79- 2.28]. The variables consistently associated with worse survival out-comes were high mitotic index and nongastric tumor location. Conclusions: In this retrospective series of patients with KIT exon 9-mutated GIST treated with adjuvant imatinib, a daily dose of 800 mg versus 400 mg did not show better results in terms of survival outcomes. Prospective evaluation of the more appropriate adjuvant treatment in this setting is warranted.Peer reviewe